Yes, I hear that you can. You'll want to pick up:
    ftp://cap.anu.edu.au/pub/linux-pmac/fdeject.tar.gz 
 
The floppy device is /dev/fd0.
It can't format, and it only talks to 1.44MB floppies.
The native HFS filesystem support has problems with floppies (you can
    still use hfsutils [hmount/hdir...] though).
It now detects read errors correctly.
 
jonh@cs.dartmouth.edu
paulus@cs.anu.edu.au: corrected note about read errors.

You can format a 1.44MB floppy into an ext2 filesystem - use
mkfs.ext2 /dev/fd0
Then you can mount it:
mkdir /floppy
mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /floppy

You can also use a regular Mac HFS formatted floppy:
mkdir /floppy
mount -t hfs /dev/fd0 /floppy

wj@acpub.duke.edu