If the file was originally part of an RPM package, just use

  rpm -qlv owning_package | grep filename

If you're not sure what package it belonged to (if any), look at the list
of installed packages using

  rpm -qa | sort

and, for any likely candidates that show up, use the above (rpm -qlv).

In fact, you can also use

  rpm -V package

and it will show you the names of any files and/or directories that
have been modified compared to the distribution package.  This includes
a separate indication of files whose permissions are "wrong", too!

Viva RPM!